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Tartu Cathedral
Tartu Cathedral ((エストニア語:Tartu toomkirik)), earlier also known as Dorpat Cathedral ((ドイツ語:Dorpater Domkirche)) is one of the landmarks of the Estonian city of Tartu (Dorpat). The building is now an imposing ruin overlooking the lower town. In the small part of it that has been renovated is now located the museum of the University of Tartu, which the university also uses for major receptions.
== History ==
The hill on which the cathedral later stood (''Toomemägi'' or "cathedral hill"), on the Emajõgi River, was one of the largest strongholds of the pagan Estonians, and the strategic nature of the site makes it likely that it had been since the earliest times. It was destroyed in 1224 by the Christian invaders of Livonia. Immediately after the conquest the Christians began construction of a bishop's fortress, the ''Castrum Tarbatae'', on this strategic spot. (Parts of the old walls of the previous structures have since been revealed by archaeological excavations).
The construction of the Gothic cathedral on the north side of the cathedral hill was probably begun in the second half of the 13th century. It was surrounded by a graveyard and houses for the members of the cathedral chapter. The cathedral was dedicated to Saints Peter and Paul, who were also the patron saints of the city. It was the seat of the Bishopric of Dorpat, and one of the largest religious buildings of Eastern Europe.
The church was originally planned as a basilica, but the later addition of the three-aisled quire gave it the character of a hall church. The quire (in an early form) and nave were already in use by 1299. About 1470 the high quire with its pillars and arches was completed in Brick Gothic style.〔http://ap3.ee/Default2.aspx?PaperArticle=1&code=3358/new_eri_artiklid_335806〕 The cathedral was completed at the end of the 15th century with the building of the two massive fortress-like towers, originally 66 metres high, on either side of the west front. A wall separated the cathedral grounds and the bishop's fortified residence from the lower town.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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